The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.